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%ما هو (من)٪ 1 - تعريف

ENGLISH PHYSICIST AND BREWER (1818–1889)
James Joule; J. P. Joule; James prescott joule; James P. Joule; J.P. Joule; J. Joule
  • Kelvin]] by James Joule in 1842. [[Hunterian Museum]], Glasgow.
  • A statue of Joule in the [[Manchester Town Hall]]
  • Sale]]
  • Joule's apparatus for measuring the mechanical equivalent of heat
  • Joule's Heat Apparatus, 1845
  • James Prescott Joule

John Joule         
BRITISH CHEMIST
Joule, John
John Arthur Joule is a British academic and chemist. Joule took his BSc, MSc, and PhD degrees at the University of Manchester, obtaining his PhD (with George Smith) in 1961.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Joule
Joule-Thomson effect         
  • Fig. 1 – Joule–Thomson coefficients for various gases at atmospheric pressure
  • Sign of the Joule–Thomson coefficient, <math>\mu_{\mathrm{JT}}</math> for N<sub>2</sub>. Within the region bounded by the red line, a Joule–Thomson expansion produces cooling (<math>\mu_{\mathrm{JT}} > 0 </math>); outside that region, the expansion produces heating. The gas–liquid coexistence curve is shown by the blue line, terminating at the critical point (the solid blue circle). The dashed lines demarcate the region where N<sub>2</sub> is a supercritical fluid (where properties smoothly transition between liquid-like and gas-like).
  • Fig. 2 – ''T''-''s'' diagram of nitrogen. The red dome represents the two-phase region with the low-entropy side (the saturated liquid) and the high-entropy side (the saturated gas). The black curves give the ''T''-''s'' relation along isobars. The pressures are indicated in bar. The blue curves are isenthalps (curves of constant specific enthalpy). The specific enthalpies are indicated in kJ/kg. The specific points a, b, etc., are treated in the main text.
TEMPERATURE CHANGE OF A REAL GAS WHEN UNDERGOING A THROTTLED EXPANSION WITHOUT HEAT TRANSFER
Joule-Thompson effect; Joule-Thomson inversion temperature; Joule-Thomson coefficient; Joule-Thomson Effect; Joule-Thomson Process; Joule-thomson coefficient; Joule-Thomson Coefficient; Joule-Kelvin effect; Joule-thomson process; Joule-thomson effect; Expansive cooling; Joule-Kelvin expansion; Joule free expansion; Throttling Process; Joule-kelvin expansion; Joule-Thomson effect; Joule-Thomson Theory; Joule–Kelvin effect; Throttling process; Throttling process (thermodynamics); Joule-Kelvin effect and coefficient; Joules-Thomson effect; Mayer's hypothesis; Joule–Thomson inversion temperature; Joule–Thomson coefficient; Joule's Second Law; Joule-Thomson cooler; Joule-Thomson expansion; Kelvin-Joule effect; Joule-Thomson process; Joule's second law; Joule–Thomson cooling; Joule–Thomson chilling; Joule-Thomson chilling; Joule-Thomson cooling; Kelvin–Joule effect; Joule–Thomson expansion; Joule–Thomson process; Joule–Thomson (Kelvin) coefficient; Joule-Thomson (Kelvin) coefficient
¦ noun Physics an increase or decrease in the temperature of a gas when it is allowed to expand without doing any external work.
Joule–Thomson effect         
  • Fig. 1 – Joule–Thomson coefficients for various gases at atmospheric pressure
  • Sign of the Joule–Thomson coefficient, <math>\mu_{\mathrm{JT}}</math> for N<sub>2</sub>. Within the region bounded by the red line, a Joule–Thomson expansion produces cooling (<math>\mu_{\mathrm{JT}} > 0 </math>); outside that region, the expansion produces heating. The gas–liquid coexistence curve is shown by the blue line, terminating at the critical point (the solid blue circle). The dashed lines demarcate the region where N<sub>2</sub> is a supercritical fluid (where properties smoothly transition between liquid-like and gas-like).
  • Fig. 2 – ''T''-''s'' diagram of nitrogen. The red dome represents the two-phase region with the low-entropy side (the saturated liquid) and the high-entropy side (the saturated gas). The black curves give the ''T''-''s'' relation along isobars. The pressures are indicated in bar. The blue curves are isenthalps (curves of constant specific enthalpy). The specific enthalpies are indicated in kJ/kg. The specific points a, b, etc., are treated in the main text.
TEMPERATURE CHANGE OF A REAL GAS WHEN UNDERGOING A THROTTLED EXPANSION WITHOUT HEAT TRANSFER
Joule-Thompson effect; Joule-Thomson inversion temperature; Joule-Thomson coefficient; Joule-Thomson Effect; Joule-Thomson Process; Joule-thomson coefficient; Joule-Thomson Coefficient; Joule-Kelvin effect; Joule-thomson process; Joule-thomson effect; Expansive cooling; Joule-Kelvin expansion; Joule free expansion; Throttling Process; Joule-kelvin expansion; Joule-Thomson effect; Joule-Thomson Theory; Joule–Kelvin effect; Throttling process; Throttling process (thermodynamics); Joule-Kelvin effect and coefficient; Joules-Thomson effect; Mayer's hypothesis; Joule–Thomson inversion temperature; Joule–Thomson coefficient; Joule's Second Law; Joule-Thomson cooler; Joule-Thomson expansion; Kelvin-Joule effect; Joule-Thomson process; Joule's second law; Joule–Thomson cooling; Joule–Thomson chilling; Joule-Thomson chilling; Joule-Thomson cooling; Kelvin–Joule effect; Joule–Thomson expansion; Joule–Thomson process; Joule–Thomson (Kelvin) coefficient; Joule-Thomson (Kelvin) coefficient
In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect or Kelvin–Joule effect) describes the temperature change of a real gas or liquid (as differentiated from an ideal gas) when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule–Thomson_effect

ويكيبيديا

James Prescott Joule

James Prescott Joule (; 24 December 1818 – 11 October 1889) was an English physicist, mathematician and brewer, born in Salford, Lancashire. Joule studied the nature of heat, and discovered its relationship to mechanical work. This led to the law of conservation of energy, which in turn led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics. The SI derived unit of energy, the joule, is named after him.

He worked with Lord Kelvin to develop an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale, which came to be called the Kelvin scale. Joule also made observations of magnetostriction, and he found the relationship between the current through a resistor and the heat dissipated, which is also called Joule's first law. His experiments about energy transformations were first published in 1843.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James Prescott Joule
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